GED Science Practice 2025 – 400 Free Practice Questions to Pass the Exam

The correct choice, pasteurization, is a crucial method used in the food industry to eliminate harmful microorganisms that can lead to foodborne illnesses. This process involves heating food and beverages to a specific temperature for a set period of time and then rapidly cooling it down. The heat treatment is effective at killing or inactivating harmful bacteria, viruses, and parasites without significantly altering the taste or nutritional value of the food.

This method is widely used for dairy products, juices, and various other foods to ensure they are safe to consume. By effectively reducing the microbial load, pasteurization plays a vital role in food safety and public health.

In contrast, options like penicillin, while important as an antibiotic to combat bacterial infections in humans, do not play a direct role in food preparation. Pathogen refers to any microorganism that can cause disease, but simply identifying pathogens does not inherently involve a process for food safety. Oxidation is a chemical process involving the loss of electrons, which doesn’t specifically address the destruction of microorganisms in food. Therefore, pasteurization stands out as the essential process for preparing foods to ensure they are free from harmful microbes.